With the onset of cooler months, Nepal’s markets are brimming with oranges as the season for the country’s newly declared national fruit begins. Known for its juicy segments and vibrant orange peel, this citrus favourite not only fuels the economy but also provides substantial health benefits.
Oranges, part of the citrus family, are Nepal’s most cultivated fruit. With production exceeding 185,000 tons annually, oranges are farmed on nearly 27,892 hectares across 48 districts. According to the recent National Agriculture Census, oranges are the second most widely grown fruit after mangoes, making them a staple crop and key revenue source for farmers in the hill regions.
Ideal climate and growing conditions
Citrus fruits, including oranges, thrive in Nepal’s mid-hill regions at elevations of 1,000-1,200 meters. While typically requiring a subtropical climate, some varieties can even grow in warmer conditions up to 1,600 meters, making it feasible for extensive cultivation.
The fruit grows best with moderate sunlight (8-11 hours per day) and requires temperatures between 15°C and 40°C, with an optimal range of about 19°C. A combination of well-draining soil and annual rainfall of 950 to 2,000 mm adds to the favourable conditions.
Boost to the economy and local employment
The recent designation of orange as Nepal’s national fruit by the Cabinet in March 2080 BS is intended to promote local branding and enhance agricultural identity. The citrus sector contributes approximately 0.96 per cent to Nepal’s GDP, and the crop supports the livelihoods of around 700,000 Nepali, with annual transactions totalling over Rs 30 billion.
Given its high profitability, orange farming is seen as seven times more lucrative than traditional grain crops, encouraging more farmers to venture into citrus cultivation.
Scientific farming and orchard management
To maximise productivity and tree health, farmers follow scientific planting methods, ensuring each tree receives adequate sunlight, air circulation, and space for growth and maintenance. Common layouts include square, rectangular, and contour-based planting adapted to varying terrains. Once planted, orange trees require consistent irrigation, especially in dry conditions.
Farmers typically employ basin, ring, and drip irrigation methods to optimise water use. Fertilisation is equally crucial, with an emphasis on replenishing nutrients to maintain soil fertility and increase yield. Studies indicate that young orange trees benefit from high nitrogen intake, while mature trees primarily absorb potassium and calcium to support fruit quality.
Challenges with disease and pests
Oranges, however, are not immune to challenges. Farmers face recurring issues with diseases like root rot and foot rot, particularly during the rainy season.
The Ministry of Agriculture recommends preventive measures, including spraying Bordeaux mixture and maintaining clean, disease-free orchards to curb these risks. Recent programs also train farmers to manage fungal infections and pest control effectively, ensuring healthier and more productive yields.
A nutrient powerhouse for health
Oranges are renowned for their high vitamin C content and rich antioxidant profile. Eating oranges can boost immunity, lower blood pressure, improve skin health, and reduce the risk of several chronic diseases, including heart disease and cancer.
In addition to being a great snack, oranges can be juiced or used in various culinary preparations, making them a versatile fruit packed with nutritional benefits. As winter approaches, oranges are likely to remain a staple in the Nepali diet. With their abundant health benefits and contribution to the nation’s agricultural economy, oranges truly stand as a symbol of Nepal’s agricultural pride.
As Nepal enters peak orange season, the fruit’s economic and health benefits shine brighter than ever. With its recent designation as the national fruit, oranges not only fuel local livelihoods and boost the agricultural economy but also offer valuable health benefits, from strengthening immunity to supporting heart health. This season, oranges stand as a true symbol of Nepal’s agricultural pride and wellness.
